The history of the mixed inflection of German masculine and neuter nouns : sound shapes, dialectal variation, typology

Kurzfassung/Abstract

This paper provides an investigation of the dialectal spread of the “mixed” inflection (i.e. the combination of a “strong” singular with a “weak” plural) to non-feminine German nouns from the 14th to the 19th century, thereby revealing three different lines of development: Mixed inflection is well attested in Upper German, but poorly so in Low German and East Central German, whereas the standard language combined both traditions in the 18th century, depending on the sound shape of the respective nouns. It is only at the transition from the 19th to the 20th century that “mixed” inflection was almost lost entirely with non-feminine nouns, thus becoming a signal of feminine gender. A typological explanation relying on syntactic framing in German is proposed